It seems unreal 25 years have passed since I began following Jesus. 25 years ago today, on April 15, 1990, I was hiking on the Appalachian Trail. It was Easter Sunday. Since it was Easter, as I hiked alone through woods for hours and hours, I was thinking of Jesus. The Appalachian Trail led up Mt. Albert in North Carolina. On the top of that mountain was a firetower, which I went up. It was a beautiful day, and the view was great. Yet I was still thinking about Jesus. For the past eight months, I had been going to a caring church where I had learned some things about Jesus.
There on the firetower, I became convicted Jesus is the resurrection and the life, and I became convicted I needed Jesus, and I wanted Him. I believed in Jesus! I started to pray. I prayed with much enthusiasm. It was awesome. That is when I gave my heart to Jesus.
At first I did not realize all that had happened, but I began to realize God was with me. In a trail register outside of Catawba, Virginia, I gave a public “thank you” to God. I hiked with such joy for the rest of that day. I also started signing my postcards to friends saying “God bless you.” I had never said that before. And I became thankful I had been saved.
That was all just the beginning. Twenty-five years later, I have countless testimonies. I truly have been changed in my heart by God, bit by bit, all along. The love of Jesus in my heart has resulted in many blessings. There has been much suffering. Many times Jesus has had to carry me. Many Christian brothers and sisters have come and gone from my life. And I have seen enough church strife for a lifetime. Yet Jesus has always been with me, from average days where I need Him to live the single celibate life I have lived, to days such as when my grandma had to go to the emergency room on Christmas Eve, or the evening when she passed away as I was singing to her. I have needed Jesus. What Jesus has given me all along is joy and peace.
Praise be to God I have a passion for doing ministry work, and I especially enjoy writing and preaching. It has been a challenging journey. From mountain highs like when I spoke to 300 students at Denver Christian High School for a chapel service, to a time when I could do no more than pray and cry for a student in our youth group who had a brain tumor, there is always the need to rely on Jesus to do the work He has given us to do.
Romans 6:23 “For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (NIV).
I know Jesus was the substitutional atonement, dying on the cross for the sins of anyone, and I thank Him for dying for the forgiveness of my sins. And I thank Him for being faithful to me. After 25 years, my desire is that I may continue to be thankful daily that Jesus loves me. I love Jesus!
Hunter
Wednesday, April 15, 2015
Friday, April 10, 2015
The Stone is Rolled Away
The Stone Is Rolled Away
Matthew 28:2-6
A sermon given for Awaken Fellowship at Ithaca College on April 10, 2015
by Hunter Irvine
Matthew 28:2-6
After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to look at the tomb. There was a violent earthquake, for an angel of the Lord came down from heaven and, going to the tomb, rolled back the stone and sat on it. His appearance was like lightning, and his clothes were white as snow. The guards were so afraid of him that they shook and became like dead men. The angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. He is not here; he has risen, just as he said. Come and see the place where he lay…” (NIV).
The message of this passage is that Jesus is risen from the dead! Yet how does this involve us today almost 2000 years later? I start by examining why Jewish people rolled stones in front of tombs.
Around the time of Christ, Jewish people practiced what is called “secondary burial.” After 20 B.C., dead bodies were put in tombs which were often carved within the limestone cliffs. A stone would be rolled over the entrance so wild animals would not get in there. The flesh would slowly decay off of the bones.
About one year later, someone would go back in the tomb and collect the bones. Most often the bones were collected and put in another room carved out in the foothills, often with many other bones. Yet for religious or wealthy families, the bones were put into an ossuary, also called a bone box. Ossuaries were made of limestone, which is a softer stone. The wealthier would be able to afford carvings in the ossuaries whereas other bone boxes where plain. A typical size was about two feet by one and a half feet.
http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=27&Issue=05&ArticleID=17
Archaeologists have dug up thousands of these bone boxes! They have been digging them up for years!
Why did they do “secondary burial?” For the sake of time, the short answer: Pharisees started saying bones needed to be preserved for resurrection. They were misinterpreting Ezekiel 37:1-14, making a double entendre of this vision, which is a bad Biblical interpretation practice. Granted there are some “types,” which come from concrete items or events which foreshadow an important future event in the Hebrew Scriptures, but a “type” never comes from a metaphor, which is what the vision from God to Ezekiel was.
God’s plan for resurrection had nothing to do with bones. God’s plan for resurrection had to do with the Messiah! Jesus was both physically and spiritually resurrected!!!
We know He was physically resurrected. Mary Magdalene hugged him! (John 20:17).
Yet He was also spiritually resurrected! John Stott: “His birth was natural, but his conception was supernatural. His death was natural, but his resurrection was supernatural.” [1]
John 20:3-8 “So Peter and the other disciple started for the tomb. Both were running, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached the tomb first. He bent over and looked in at the strips of linen lying there but did not go in. Then Simon Peter came along behind him and went straight into the tomb. He saw the strips of linen lying there, as well as the cloth that had been wrapped around Jesus’ head. The cloth was still lying in its place, separate from the linen. Finally the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also went inside. He saw and believed” (NIV).
When Lazarus was resurrected by Jesus, he came out of the tomb wearing his grave clothes. When Jesus was resurrected, His graveclothes were still lying in the tomb. Why did Jesus lose His clothes? John Stott explains: “What then should we have seen, had we been there [in the tomb]? We should suddenly have noticed that the body had disappeared….transmuted into something new and different and wonderful. It would have passed through the graveclothes, as it was later to pass through closed doors…”[2]
In fact, no one ever saw Jesus come out of the tomb. I think a careful reading of this passage suggests Jesus was already gone before the angel rolled away the stone!!!
So Jesus is alive, physically and spiritually!
And there is a personal message for us (the hermeneutical message): The message is that you can be spiritually resurrected in Christ! How? By believing in Jesus!!
“We all like sheep have gone astray, each of us has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all” (Isaiah 53:6 NIV).
The “him” is Jesus. He is the Lamb of God who was the sacrificial atonement for sins.
This is a classic story from the 1800’s by Dwight Moody: “A farmer was once found kneeling at a soldier’s grave near Nashville. Someone came to him and said, “Why do you pay so much attention to this grave? Was your son buried here?” “No,” he said. During the war my family were all sick, I knew not how to leave them. I was drafted. One of my neighbors came over and said: ‘I will go for you; I have no family.’ He went off. He was wounded at Chickamauga. He was carried to the hospital, and there died. And, sir, I have come a great many miles, that I might write over his grave these words, ‘He died for me.’”[3]
Jesus Christ died on a cross for the forgiveness of sins of anyone. He was the atonement for the consequences of sins, which is spiritual death in hell. If you believe in Jesus, you have eternal life with Him.
If you have never opened your heart to Jesus, you can do so right here and now. Jesus loves you.
Hunter
[1] John Stott, Basic Christianity (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1958), 46.
[2] John Stott, Basic Christianity (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1958), 53.
[3] D.L. Moody, Prevailing Prayer (Chicago: Moody Press, [no date, no copyright]), 58-59.
Matthew 28:2-6
A sermon given for Awaken Fellowship at Ithaca College on April 10, 2015
by Hunter Irvine
Matthew 28:2-6
After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to look at the tomb. There was a violent earthquake, for an angel of the Lord came down from heaven and, going to the tomb, rolled back the stone and sat on it. His appearance was like lightning, and his clothes were white as snow. The guards were so afraid of him that they shook and became like dead men. The angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. He is not here; he has risen, just as he said. Come and see the place where he lay…” (NIV).
The message of this passage is that Jesus is risen from the dead! Yet how does this involve us today almost 2000 years later? I start by examining why Jewish people rolled stones in front of tombs.
Around the time of Christ, Jewish people practiced what is called “secondary burial.” After 20 B.C., dead bodies were put in tombs which were often carved within the limestone cliffs. A stone would be rolled over the entrance so wild animals would not get in there. The flesh would slowly decay off of the bones.
About one year later, someone would go back in the tomb and collect the bones. Most often the bones were collected and put in another room carved out in the foothills, often with many other bones. Yet for religious or wealthy families, the bones were put into an ossuary, also called a bone box. Ossuaries were made of limestone, which is a softer stone. The wealthier would be able to afford carvings in the ossuaries whereas other bone boxes where plain. A typical size was about two feet by one and a half feet.
http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=27&Issue=05&ArticleID=17
Archaeologists have dug up thousands of these bone boxes! They have been digging them up for years!
Why did they do “secondary burial?” For the sake of time, the short answer: Pharisees started saying bones needed to be preserved for resurrection. They were misinterpreting Ezekiel 37:1-14, making a double entendre of this vision, which is a bad Biblical interpretation practice. Granted there are some “types,” which come from concrete items or events which foreshadow an important future event in the Hebrew Scriptures, but a “type” never comes from a metaphor, which is what the vision from God to Ezekiel was.
God’s plan for resurrection had nothing to do with bones. God’s plan for resurrection had to do with the Messiah! Jesus was both physically and spiritually resurrected!!!
We know He was physically resurrected. Mary Magdalene hugged him! (John 20:17).
Yet He was also spiritually resurrected! John Stott: “His birth was natural, but his conception was supernatural. His death was natural, but his resurrection was supernatural.” [1]
John 20:3-8 “So Peter and the other disciple started for the tomb. Both were running, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached the tomb first. He bent over and looked in at the strips of linen lying there but did not go in. Then Simon Peter came along behind him and went straight into the tomb. He saw the strips of linen lying there, as well as the cloth that had been wrapped around Jesus’ head. The cloth was still lying in its place, separate from the linen. Finally the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also went inside. He saw and believed” (NIV).
When Lazarus was resurrected by Jesus, he came out of the tomb wearing his grave clothes. When Jesus was resurrected, His graveclothes were still lying in the tomb. Why did Jesus lose His clothes? John Stott explains: “What then should we have seen, had we been there [in the tomb]? We should suddenly have noticed that the body had disappeared….transmuted into something new and different and wonderful. It would have passed through the graveclothes, as it was later to pass through closed doors…”[2]
In fact, no one ever saw Jesus come out of the tomb. I think a careful reading of this passage suggests Jesus was already gone before the angel rolled away the stone!!!
So Jesus is alive, physically and spiritually!
And there is a personal message for us (the hermeneutical message): The message is that you can be spiritually resurrected in Christ! How? By believing in Jesus!!
“We all like sheep have gone astray, each of us has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all” (Isaiah 53:6 NIV).
The “him” is Jesus. He is the Lamb of God who was the sacrificial atonement for sins.
This is a classic story from the 1800’s by Dwight Moody: “A farmer was once found kneeling at a soldier’s grave near Nashville. Someone came to him and said, “Why do you pay so much attention to this grave? Was your son buried here?” “No,” he said. During the war my family were all sick, I knew not how to leave them. I was drafted. One of my neighbors came over and said: ‘I will go for you; I have no family.’ He went off. He was wounded at Chickamauga. He was carried to the hospital, and there died. And, sir, I have come a great many miles, that I might write over his grave these words, ‘He died for me.’”[3]
Jesus Christ died on a cross for the forgiveness of sins of anyone. He was the atonement for the consequences of sins, which is spiritual death in hell. If you believe in Jesus, you have eternal life with Him.
If you have never opened your heart to Jesus, you can do so right here and now. Jesus loves you.
Hunter
[1] John Stott, Basic Christianity (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1958), 46.
[2] John Stott, Basic Christianity (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1958), 53.
[3] D.L. Moody, Prevailing Prayer (Chicago: Moody Press, [no date, no copyright]), 58-59.
Monday, April 6, 2015
Is Easter over?
On a Monday morning in the wake of Easter Sunday, and in the wake of completing a huge study on the twelve apostles, I post Acts 4:33 -
“With great power the apostles continued to testify to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus. And God’s grace was so powerfully at work in them all"(NIV).
The radical fact of Christianity is that being a witness to Jesus' resurrection continues to be a call for all true followers of Jesus. And the Holy Spirit enables.
+ I thank You Father that all of us who follow Jesus can know in our hearts, even during horrible times, that Jesus has been resurrected.
love, Hunter
And since Nicol, who is the sister of Todd Smith, was not in the Selah song in the video in the last post, here is the link to a classic song sung by Nicol which I have given before, but which is worth a repeat.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39yKviTmchk
“With great power the apostles continued to testify to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus. And God’s grace was so powerfully at work in them all"(NIV).
The radical fact of Christianity is that being a witness to Jesus' resurrection continues to be a call for all true followers of Jesus. And the Holy Spirit enables.
+ I thank You Father that all of us who follow Jesus can know in our hearts, even during horrible times, that Jesus has been resurrected.
love, Hunter
And since Nicol, who is the sister of Todd Smith, was not in the Selah song in the video in the last post, here is the link to a classic song sung by Nicol which I have given before, but which is worth a repeat.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39yKviTmchk
Saturday, April 4, 2015
Matthias, an apostle of Jesus
Matthias was the apostle who was picked to replace Judas Iscariot after Judas committed suicide.
The Hippolytus text, whose author is questioned, and which probably has at least a bit of corruption, yet which I think has serious validity, states Matthias had been one of the seventy, (called the 72 in many Bible texts), before he was chosen to replace Judas Iscariot.[1] Eusebius wrote the same, I think utilizing this Hippolytus text, and maybe even a more pure copy of that text.[2] Again, Eusebius' citing gives validity to this text. The seventy-two disciples were chosen by Jesus, told in Luke 10.
Jesus calls some to be leaders. The apostles had special positions of leadership. The “seventy-two” were called to be leaders. Also the teachings of Paul instruct there to be church leaders in post-apostolic times of elders, with “overseers” and deacons.
There have been countless disciples of Jesus throughout the past almost 2000 years who have been called to be leaders. However the Bible shows Christian leadership is not an oligarchy. The apostles and other disciples worked as a team, though with struggles, as I discussed in the introduction, with Jesus Christ always being the Head leader.
Christian ministry is not about elite leadership as Jesus clearly taught: Matthew 20:28 “…just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many” (NIV).
True Christian leadership is not about being bossy. This was incredibly illustrated by Christ washing the apostles’ feet!
Dorman Newman stated Matthias ministered in Sebastopol, which is Ukrainian and Russian today.
Dorman Newman stated Matthias was crucified in Sebastopol.[3]
----- For those of you who have been reading along with this study of the twelve apostles, thank you. My hope is that people have or will benefit from the hard work I have done.
For many years, countless hours have been spent in Denver metropolitan area Christian bookstores. One Saturday in my favorite bookstore, I moseyed into the back room where I had never been before, which was the kid’s section. I wanted to see what books they had for young people. After a time of browsing, I picked up a paperback which was mis-shelved. I became excited as I read the title and then as I read a bit of the incredible content. It was the book by Dr. McBirnie. That began a study of these first Christian leaders. They were not chosen by Jesus to be “rulers.” They were not chosen by Jesus to be worshiped. They were chosen by Jesus to be leaders in telling the Gospel. The amazing thing is that if you are a follower of Jesus, you have the same calling.
+ Thank you Holy God for enabling me to persevere with this incredible study. I praise You Jesus, my Savior and my Lord.
Hunter Irvine
Thomas Chisholm, author of "Great is Thy Faithfulness," wrote in a letter in 1941, “My income has not been large at any time due to impaired health in the earlier years which has followed me on until now. Although I must not fail to record here the unfailing faithfulness of a covenant-keeping God and that He has given me many wonderful displays of His providing care, for which I am filled with astonishing gratefulness.”[4] During those years, he wrote one of the greatest hymns of the 20th century.
Here is a link to his song sung by one of my favorite groups, Selah:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kgJwyXsQLM
[1] Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. eds., The Ante-Nicene
Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325 (1867; digital repr.,
Albany, Oregon: SAGE Software, 1996), 5:535.
[2] Eusebius, Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History, trans. C.F. Cruse
(Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1998), 28.
[3] William McBirnie, The Search for the Twelve Apostles
(Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, 1973), 244-245.
[4] Kenneth Osbeck, Stories of Favorite Hymns (Grand Rapids: Family Christian Press, 2002), 35.
The Hippolytus text, whose author is questioned, and which probably has at least a bit of corruption, yet which I think has serious validity, states Matthias had been one of the seventy, (called the 72 in many Bible texts), before he was chosen to replace Judas Iscariot.[1] Eusebius wrote the same, I think utilizing this Hippolytus text, and maybe even a more pure copy of that text.[2] Again, Eusebius' citing gives validity to this text. The seventy-two disciples were chosen by Jesus, told in Luke 10.
Jesus calls some to be leaders. The apostles had special positions of leadership. The “seventy-two” were called to be leaders. Also the teachings of Paul instruct there to be church leaders in post-apostolic times of elders, with “overseers” and deacons.
There have been countless disciples of Jesus throughout the past almost 2000 years who have been called to be leaders. However the Bible shows Christian leadership is not an oligarchy. The apostles and other disciples worked as a team, though with struggles, as I discussed in the introduction, with Jesus Christ always being the Head leader.
Christian ministry is not about elite leadership as Jesus clearly taught: Matthew 20:28 “…just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many” (NIV).
True Christian leadership is not about being bossy. This was incredibly illustrated by Christ washing the apostles’ feet!
Dorman Newman stated Matthias ministered in Sebastopol, which is Ukrainian and Russian today.
Dorman Newman stated Matthias was crucified in Sebastopol.[3]
----- For those of you who have been reading along with this study of the twelve apostles, thank you. My hope is that people have or will benefit from the hard work I have done.
For many years, countless hours have been spent in Denver metropolitan area Christian bookstores. One Saturday in my favorite bookstore, I moseyed into the back room where I had never been before, which was the kid’s section. I wanted to see what books they had for young people. After a time of browsing, I picked up a paperback which was mis-shelved. I became excited as I read the title and then as I read a bit of the incredible content. It was the book by Dr. McBirnie. That began a study of these first Christian leaders. They were not chosen by Jesus to be “rulers.” They were not chosen by Jesus to be worshiped. They were chosen by Jesus to be leaders in telling the Gospel. The amazing thing is that if you are a follower of Jesus, you have the same calling.
+ Thank you Holy God for enabling me to persevere with this incredible study. I praise You Jesus, my Savior and my Lord.
Hunter Irvine
Thomas Chisholm, author of "Great is Thy Faithfulness," wrote in a letter in 1941, “My income has not been large at any time due to impaired health in the earlier years which has followed me on until now. Although I must not fail to record here the unfailing faithfulness of a covenant-keeping God and that He has given me many wonderful displays of His providing care, for which I am filled with astonishing gratefulness.”[4] During those years, he wrote one of the greatest hymns of the 20th century.
Here is a link to his song sung by one of my favorite groups, Selah:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kgJwyXsQLM
[1] Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. eds., The Ante-Nicene
Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325 (1867; digital repr.,
Albany, Oregon: SAGE Software, 1996), 5:535.
[2] Eusebius, Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History, trans. C.F. Cruse
(Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 1998), 28.
[3] William McBirnie, The Search for the Twelve Apostles
(Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, 1973), 244-245.
[4] Kenneth Osbeck, Stories of Favorite Hymns (Grand Rapids: Family Christian Press, 2002), 35.
Wednesday, April 1, 2015
Simon the Zealot, an apostle of Jesus
A Hebrew zealot was an Israelite who totally advocated regaining Jewish rule for Judea back from the Roman Empire which had conquered Judea. The zealots ended up being defeated after a military attempt to regain control in 68 A.D. The Roman empire demolished Jerusalem in 70 A.D., murdered over one million people, and drove the Jewish survivors from their homeland. It was an epic tragedy.
Simon the Zealot is not recorded as saying anything in the Bible. Some think Simon the Zealot may have been one of the people asking the question recorded in Luke 1:6 “Then they gathered around him and asked him, ‘Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?’”(NIV). We do not know if he said this, but it would have been the concern of a Hebrew zealot.
Simon the Zealot definitely ministered in Africa, he probably ministered in modern day England though it may have been brief, and he possibly died in Persia. Like many apostles, Simon apparently ministered in more than one place, but the historical evidence is trickier to put together. If you want to study an excellent examination for Simon the Zealot, read chapter 13 of Dr. McBirnie’s book.[1]
How incredible a man who was so devoted to his own country ended up ministering in countries which were not even allies with his beloved country. He likely went into parts of Africa, first and foremost Mauritana, which were away from the more culturally diverse towns near the Mediterranean Sea. The kingdom Simon the Zealot became concerned with was God’s Kingdom.
Dorman Newman had a book published about the apostles in 1685, which is in the British Museum, and which I have had a dream to read for over one decade. Dr. McBirnie cites Newman’s book throughout his book. Dorman Newman gives a fine overview regarding Simon's physical death, explaining there is a dispute as to whether he was crucified in Great Britain, or martyred in Persia.[2] I add Dr. McBirnie strongly goes with the site of Persia.
Hunter Irvine
Mentioning the great Jaci Velasquez two posts ago, I thought of the group 4Him which I saw in a co-concert with her. 4Him disbanded in 2006, but they were a talented group, and focused on Jesus. This song was my theme song when I served in my most fitting youth ministry position. I add that I care for the environment, having given three and a half years of full time work as an employee of Aspen Systems Corporation back in the 1990's to do my small part to improve the environment. God calls us to be good stewards of the earth! Here is 4Him:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG3RTzrshJM
[1] William McBirnie, The Search for the Twelve Apostles
(Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, 1973), 207-231.
[2] William McBirnie, The Search for the Twelve Apostles
(Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, 1973), 210-211.
Simon the Zealot is not recorded as saying anything in the Bible. Some think Simon the Zealot may have been one of the people asking the question recorded in Luke 1:6 “Then they gathered around him and asked him, ‘Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?’”(NIV). We do not know if he said this, but it would have been the concern of a Hebrew zealot.
Simon the Zealot definitely ministered in Africa, he probably ministered in modern day England though it may have been brief, and he possibly died in Persia. Like many apostles, Simon apparently ministered in more than one place, but the historical evidence is trickier to put together. If you want to study an excellent examination for Simon the Zealot, read chapter 13 of Dr. McBirnie’s book.[1]
How incredible a man who was so devoted to his own country ended up ministering in countries which were not even allies with his beloved country. He likely went into parts of Africa, first and foremost Mauritana, which were away from the more culturally diverse towns near the Mediterranean Sea. The kingdom Simon the Zealot became concerned with was God’s Kingdom.
Dorman Newman had a book published about the apostles in 1685, which is in the British Museum, and which I have had a dream to read for over one decade. Dr. McBirnie cites Newman’s book throughout his book. Dorman Newman gives a fine overview regarding Simon's physical death, explaining there is a dispute as to whether he was crucified in Great Britain, or martyred in Persia.[2] I add Dr. McBirnie strongly goes with the site of Persia.
Hunter Irvine
Mentioning the great Jaci Velasquez two posts ago, I thought of the group 4Him which I saw in a co-concert with her. 4Him disbanded in 2006, but they were a talented group, and focused on Jesus. This song was my theme song when I served in my most fitting youth ministry position. I add that I care for the environment, having given three and a half years of full time work as an employee of Aspen Systems Corporation back in the 1990's to do my small part to improve the environment. God calls us to be good stewards of the earth! Here is 4Him:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG3RTzrshJM
[1] William McBirnie, The Search for the Twelve Apostles
(Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, 1973), 207-231.
[2] William McBirnie, The Search for the Twelve Apostles
(Wheaton: Tyndale House Publishers, 1973), 210-211.
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